What is estivation, and when might a mammal use it?

• A. Summer dormancy during hot, dry periods to conserve water and energy.
• B. Winter hibernation.
• C. Daily foraging strategy.
• D. Seasonal migration.

Answer: (A)

Estivation is a summer dormancy state that mammals use in hot, dry environments to conserve water and energy when conditions are harsh. During estivation, activity and metabolism slow dramatically, and the animal may remain in a burrow or shaded spot for extended periods, sometimes with a lowered body temperature and reduced breathing to minimize water loss. The goal is to wait out the hottest part of the year until conditions become more favorable.

This is different from winter hibernation, which happens in cold months. It also isn’t a daily foraging pattern or a seasonal movement to a different area.